What is a .JPG file?
A JPG file is a raster image format that uses lossy compression, often with ratios up to 10:1, to create smaller files, though some image quality may be lost. The format consists of a grid of tiny pixels with varying color codes.
JPG format means the Joint Photographic Group. It can be identified using the “.jpg, .jpeg, or .jpe†file extensions at the end of the file name. JPG is also referred to as JPEG (Joint Photographic Expert Group). The two terms are interchangeably used to mean the same thing.
JPG files are smaller than TIFF or BMP but comparatively larger than WEBP files. The file format is ideal for sharing and storing digital images, as it saves storage space and reduces website loading time.
Below are the key features of JPG that make it stand out among other formats:
- Small File Size: JPG files support lossy compression, selectively deleting certain image data; resulting in smaller files compared to TIFF and PNG, making them easier to store and share.
- Wide Range Color Support: JPG files can display different colors (millions of colors), making them ideal for complex images and detailed photographs with gradients.
- Adjustable Quality Settings: JPG files permit adjustable compression levels, allowing users to balance file size and image quality.
- Wide Compatibility: JPG files are widely compatible and supported by nearly all browsers, software, and devices, increasing universal accessibility and usage.
- Efficient Compression: JPG files support lossy compression, which results in significantly smaller files while preserving tolerable levels of image quality.
History of JPG image files
The JPG image format was created in 1992 by the Joint Photographic Expert Group (JPEG), which comprises experts from various industries, including Software Development, Graphic Design, and Photography.
JPG image files come in different types, including Progressive, Baseline Optimized, and Baseline. Progressive JPG files normally display while downloading. They start blocky but get progressively clearer as downloading continues.
The Baseline Optimized JPG offers slightly better compression and an optimized color. On the other hand, the Standard (Baseline) JPG supports almost all web browsing activities and is mainly recognized by every web browser.
JPG was created to enhance image sharing without sacrificing quality. It helps save pictures on widely used image-capturing devices and digital cameras, which hardly support other file formats.
The file format decreases image loading time by resulting in smaller images, allowing easy website uploading.
JPG is now supported and used by 77.9% of popular websites and browsers, including Opera.com, Safari.com, Google.com, Mozilla.org, Instagram.com, Yahoo.com, Cloudflare.com, Whatsapp.com, Apple.com, Wordpress.org, and NYtimes.com. The file format is also popular among businesses and photographers managing large image libraries.
JPG Format Successors
JPG format has evolved over the years to improve on particular limitations of the initial file format. Below is a summary of each JPG file extension and its benefits over the original JPG file:
JPEG XL
JPEG XL is the most up-to-date file extension in the JPEG family. It was created to replace the JPG format because it is more efficient and supports lossless and lossy compression. JPEG XL intends to be the best format, combining and offering the unsurpassed features of both the lossless PNG and lossy JPG.
Benefits Over JPG
- It offers backward support features that simply allow the software to change to JPEG XL while still upholding support for the current JPG format.
- Lossy to lossless transcoding allows JPG images to be stored using lossless compression, although they can be converted to lossy later without recompression.
- Provides the best compression ratios of up to 60% smaller files without any apparent quality loss.
JPEG XT
The JPEG XT format was created to improve on the first JPG format version. It allows backward support for standard JPG files or images. The format integrates innovative features, including enhanced color depth and higher dynamic range (HDR).
Benefits Over JPG
- Improved color accuracy with about 12-bit color depth, compared to the primary JPG format, which supports only 8-bit.
- Supports HDR imaging, allowing users to have different brightness levels.
- Supports backward compatibility, ensuring that JPEG XT images are viewable in standard JPG format using older devices.
JPEG 2000
The JPEG 2000 format supports both lossless and lossy compression methods but uses the wavelet-based compression technique. It attains the best image quality at lower bit depths, making it adaptable to various projects or use cases.
Benefits Over JPG
- It supports 16-bit color depth and transparency, making it ideal for cinema applications, medical imaging, and high-end photography.
- It supports infinite scaling, implying an image is viewable at different resolution levels without generating many copies.
- It offers superior compression efficiency, allowing users to have smaller files and better image quality.
JPEG-LS (Lossless JPEG)
The JPEG-LS format was originally created for near-lossless and lossless compression. Compared to the lossy JPG, which selectively deleted certain image data to minimize file size, JPEG-LS offers the best compression efficiency, reserving all pixels seamlessly.
Benefits Over JPG
- Suitable for technical drawings, medical imaging, and cases that demand image fidelity.
- Lower computational complexity, increasing its compression efficiency and web performance.
- Supports lossless compression, ensuring all image details or data are retained during and after the compression process.
Link to JFIF Extension
JPEG File Interchange Format (JFIF) extension is a standard format for all JPG images. JFIF normalizes how JPG image data is exchanged and stored between applications or systems to ensure that all JPG images remain compatible across various devices and platforms.
Whereas the JPEG format outlines the compression algorithms, the JFIF extension stipulates how data and metadata, including resolution, pixel dimensions, and color spaces, are stored. Thus, a ".jpg" file extension represents the compressed JPEG image, which follows a JFIF format for transmission or interchange.
What are JPG files used for?
JPG files are widely used across different platforms, software, devices, or applications. Below are areas where JPG files are primarily used:
- Email Attachments: JPG files are widely used in email attachments because their smaller sizes allow them to be quickly attached, downloaded, and sent while preserving image clarity.
- Social Media: JPG is used to upload user photos on platforms such as X (formerly Twitter), Facebook, Pinterest, and Instagram, as it allows users to balance file size and quality.
- Web Images: JPG files are ideal for designing and creating web content because they are smaller, load faster, and retain acceptable visual quality, increasing online user experience.
- Photography: JPG files are broadly used to store digital photographs because they support efficient compression, resulting in smaller files and high-quality images.
Pros and cons of JPG files?
JPG files are widely compatible and support efficient compression, making them suitable for photos and web use. However, they hardly support transparency, and their lossy compression results in compression artifacts due to the potential loss in quality. Below are the benefits and demerits of JPG files:
Advantages of JPG Files
- Rich Color Representation: JPG files support 24-bit color depth, making it possible to display millions of colors in complex images such as photos with textures and gradients.
- Adjustable Quality: JPG files allow users to balance file size and image quality by fine-tuning the compression levels, offering flexibility based on the project's needs.
- Wide Compatibility and Support: JPG files are supported or compatible with almost all browsers, platforms, devices, and software, increasing their global accessibility and adoption without further conversions or necessitating additional plugins.
- Efficient Compression: JPG files support lossy compression, which deletes redundant file data and results in significantly smaller files with fewer storage space demands.
- Small File Size: JPG files are smaller than BMP or PNG, making them ideal for web use.
Disadvantages of JPG Files
- Editing: Saving a JPG file introduces further quality loss and more compression, making the format unsuitable for creating images that will require multiple edits in the future.
- Image Degradation: The lossy compression introduces visible artifacts, including blurriness, reducing the image, particularly in high-contrast or detailed areas.
- Limited Transparency Support: They do not support transparency, making them unsuitable for graphics and logos.
How to open a .JPG file
To open a JPG file, use software like Adobe Photoshop, MacOS Preview, or Windows Photos. You can also view JPG files using online platforms such as Imgur or in cloud storage like Google Drive (for previewing). File explorers like Finder (for macOS) and Windows Explorer allow basic previews. On mobile devices, the Photos app (iOS) or Gallery app (Android) can open and view JPG files.
How to open JPG files in Windows
To open JPG files in Windows, use Windows Photos, Adobe Photoshop, or Paint. Here is how to open a JPG file on Windows using the Photos App.
- Navigate and Locate your JPG files.
- Double-click the JPG file (It automatically opens in the Windows Photos app).
Alternatively,
- Locate your JPG files
- Right-click the JPG file > 'Open with' > "Photos."
How to open a JPG file on a Mac
To open a JPG file on Mac, use the Preview App and follow the below steps:
- Locate your JPG files
- Right-click the JPG file.
- Select Open With > Preview.
How to open a JPG file on an iPhone
To open a JPG file on iPhone, use the Photos App or the File App. Below are the steps to open a JPG file using the File App.
- Tap the Files App (On your home screen).
- Navigate to the Folder with the JPG file.
- Find the JPG image > Tap it to open it (It will display in the preview).
How to open JPG file on Android
To open a JPG file on Android, use Files Appl, Google Photos, or Gallery App.
- Open the Files App: Go to your home screen > tap the Files app.
- Navigate to the Folder: Browse the folder with your JPG file, e.g., Downloads, Pictures, et).
- Tap the JPG File: It opens in the default image viewer, e.g., Gallery or Google Photos.
How to open a JPG file in Word
To open a JPG file in Word, follow the below steps:
- Open Microsoft Word.
- Go to the Insert tab > Pictures > Online Pictures or From this Device.
- Locate your JPG image, select the JPG image, and click Insert.
Online JPG file viewers
It is possible to open a JPG file online. Users have several options to open and view JPGs directly in web browsers. Examples of online JPG file viewers include:
- Photopea
- Pixlr
- ImageShack
- Imgur
- Google Photos
- OneDrive
- Dropbox
How to edit JPG files
To edit JPG files, use online JPG editors like Pixlr, Photopea, Canva, Fotor, BeFunky, and iLoveIMG. You can also use desktop JPG editors like Microsoft Paint, Corel PaintShop Pro, Affinity Photo, Paint.NET, GIMP, and Photoshop. Mobile JPG editors include VSCO, PicsArt, Lightroom, and Snapseed.
How to edit a JPG file on Windows
To edit a JPG file on Windows, use Microsoft Photos, Microsoft Paint, Paint.NET, GIMP, Photoshop, Photopea, Fotor, or Inkscape. Below are the steps to edit your JPG file using Microsoft Photos:
- Right-click the JPG file > Open with > Photos
- Right-click the JPG file in Photos > Click the Edit button to access editing tools.
- Edit as required: adjust contrast and brightness, change the background, add filters, red-eye removal, rotate, and crop.
- When done, click Save Options > Under the drop-down Menu, choose Save As or Save
- Choose Format > Save
How to edit JPG files on Mac
To edit JPG files on Mac, use Fotor, GIMP, Canva, Pixelmator Pro, Adobe Photoshop, Photos App, or Preview. The following steps show how to edit a JPG file using Preview:
- Right-click the JPG file > Open With > Preview
- Go to Edit > Adjust Color, Crop the Image, Annotate, Flip, Rotate (edit as required)
- When done, go to File > Save
How to edit JPG files without Photoshop
To edit JPG files without Photoshop, there are several online and offline options. The following are online JPG file editors:
- PicMonkey
- BeFunky
- Photopea
- Pixlr
- Fotor
- Canva
Offline options for editing JPG files include:
- Paint (Windows)
- Preview (Mac)
- Microsoft Photos (Windows)
- IrfanView (Windows)
- GIMP
- Krita
- Affinity Photo
- Paint.NET
How to edit a JPG file online
To edit a JPG file online, use the following online JPG file editors:
- LunaPic
- Pixlr
- Tuxpi
- Snappa
- Sumo Paint
- Pizap
- iPiccy
- PicMonkey
- BeFunky
- Photopea
- Fotor
- Canva
How to edit JPG metadata
To edit JPG metadata, use online tools such as Exif.tools, Metadata2Go, and Findexif.com. You can also use offline programs like Adobe Lightroom, ExifTool, GIMP, Windows File Properties, Preview (Mac), XnView MP, or Photo Mechanic.
Exif Pilot or Photo Metadata Remover are examples of mobile apps that can edit JPG metadata. To edit JPG metadata using XnView MP, do the following:
- Download and Install XnView MP
- Launch or Open XnView MP. Use the files explorer on the left side of the interface to locate your JPG file.
- Choose the JPG file and tap it to Open the Metadata Panel
- Right-click on the selected JPG file > “Properties” (the context menu).
- Go to the “IPTC", “EXIF”, or “XMP” tabs (In the Properties window). Do the following: Update copyright info, keywords, description, title, and more.
- To Save Changes made, click "OK."
How to repair JPG files
To repair a JPG file, use Hex Editor, GIMP, Adobe Photoshop, JPEGsnoop, Picture Doctor, Stellar Phoenix JPEG Repair, or try online repair services like AiseFonePaw, esoft, PhotoRepair.com, and OnlineFileRepair.com.
How to repair JPG files online
To repair a corrupted JPG file online, use iLoveIMG, OnlineFileRepair.com, FonePaw, Aiseesoft, PhotoRepair.com, OfficeRecovery.com, or Repairit.
To repair a JPG file online using Repairit, follow the steps below:
- Go to Repairit (sign up)
- Upload Your File (locate and choose the corrupted JPG file).
- Click Start to initiate the repair process.
- Download and Save the Repaired File (Once the repair process is complete).
How to repair JPG files offline
To repair a JPG file offline, use Picture Doctor, JPEG Repair Toolkit, Stellar Phoenix JPEG Repair, GIMP, or Adobe Photoshop. To repair a corrupted JPG file Using the JPEG Repair Toolkit, follow the steps below:
- Download and Install the JPEG Repair Toolkit
- Open JPEG Repair Toolkit.
- Click “Select file” or “Open” to browse, locate, and select the corrupted JPG file.
- Click the “Repair” button to start the process
- Review the Repair Results under the Preview options
- Click the Save button.
How to recover JPG files
To recover a corrupted JPG file, use file recovery software such as EaseUS Data Recovery Wizard, Recuva, PhotoRec, or Disk Drill. Below are steps to recover a corrupted JPG file using Disk Drill:
- Download and Install Disk Drill
- Launch D xisk Drill and Choose the Drive (Select the Location to Scan from the main interface).
- Click the “Search for lost data” button.
- Choose Recovery Method: Deep scan or quick scan
- Run the Scan
- Select the JPG file to be recovered by “Checking” the box next to it.
- Click the Recover button and choose the preferred folder to save the file.
How to compress JPG files
To compress JPG files, use online compression tools such as ImageResize.org, Compressor.io, JPEF-Optimizer, and TinyJPG. Desktop compression software includes Photoshop Paint.NET, GIMP, IrfanView, Affinity Photo, and Lightroom. Also, JPG files can be compressed using WinZip or WinRAR/7-Zip.
For bulk compression of JPG files, use FileOptimizer or XnConvert. To compress a JPG file using Adobe Photoshop, do the following:
- Download and install Photoshop
- Launch Photoshop > Open the JPG file to be compressed.
- Click on File > Save As.
- Go to Quality Settings: In the dialog box, choose JPEG as the format > Adjust the quality slider to a lower value for more compression (Start from 60-80%).
- Choose the desired location > click “Save"
How to convert JPG files
You can convert JPG files to CR2, CDR, PNG, DNG, NEF, PDF, SVG, HEIF, BMP, TIFF, WEBP, and GIF using Convertjack. Use our JPG file converter and follow the following steps:
- Upload the JPG file
- Select your preferred format
- Click Convert, then download and save the converted file
Note: Convertjack allows users to do batch conversion for multiple JPG files.
JPG Files Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1 What does JPG stand for?
JPG stands for Joint Photographic Experts Group.
2 Is JPG a Vector or Raster File?
JPG is a raster file format. It consists of a grid of separate pixels, each with a distinct color, which combine to form a complete image.
3 What Programs open JPG files?
Programs that can open JPG files include Inkscape, GIMP, Photoshop, Default Photo Viewer, File Helper, XnView, Microsoft Photos, Microsoft Paint, IrfanView, Preview, Edit Your JPEG, and Google Photos.
4 Is JPEG better than PNG?
Whether JPEG is better than PNG format depends on the application area or use case since every format has merits and demerits. As such, the definitive choice between PNG and JPEG should be anchored on a project's specific needs.
5 Can you edit a JPG file?
Yes. You can edit a JPG file. Various image editing software, including Pixlr, GIMP, or Photoshop, allows users to edit their JPG files by adjusting colors, cropping, resizing, adding text, and applying filters. However, editing JPGs can result in quality loss since they support lossy compression.
6 How do you make a JPG file smaller in size?
To make a JPG file smaller in size, compress it using GIMP, TinyJPG, or Photoshop; alternatively, resize the JPG file by reducing its dimensions, or convert it to a more compressed format such as WEBP.
7 Is JPG lossy or lossless?
JPG is a lossy file format. During compression, its files lose data permanently to minimize file sizes, reducing image quality.
8 How do you make JPG transparent?
You cannot make a JPG image transparent because the format does not support transparency. Nonetheless, users can make JPG transparent by converting it to other formats that support transparency, such as PNG. Below are steps to achieve this goal:
To Make a JPG Transparent
- Open a JPG Image in an Editor
- Use online editors like Photopea or image editing programs such as GIMP or Photoshop.
- Convert the JPG Background to a Layer
- If the JPG image has background layers, convert them to a regular layer.
- Double-click the JPG background layer in the layers panel.
- Remove the Background
- Use Eraser, Lasso, or Magic Wand software to remove the background.
- Save as PNG
- After removing the JPG background and making the image transparent, save it in PNG format.
9 Is a JPG file high resolution?
A JPG file can be low resolution or high resolution depending on the settings used when the original file was saved and the image quality.
10 Can you print a JPG file?
Yes. You can print a JPG file. It is a standard file format for digital images; most printing software and printers support it. However, to ensure high-quality printouts, use a high-resolution JPG, such as 300 PPI or higher.
11 Can you convert a JPEG to a vector File?
Yes. Our JPG to SVG file converter and JPG to EPS file converter can convert a JPEG (a raster-base file format) to a vector file such as EPS or SVG.
12 How do you compress JPG files without losing quality?
To compress JPG files without losing quality, use lossless compression methods or cautiously adjust the compression settings to preserve visual quality. First, you can use lossless compression tools such as JPEGmini, RIOT, or FileOptimizer. Alternatively, you can resize the image dimensions or adjust the compression settings carefully in Adobe Photoshop by following these steps:
- Open the JPG image
- Go to File > Save As.
- Select JPG as the preferred format.
- Use the quality slider to set it to the highest quality
Or
- Use the "Save for Web" option (set quality between 85 and 90%) to balance quality and size.